From: Status and determinants of health services utilization among elderly migrants in China
Variables | Doctor visits | Hospitalization | inpatient care | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | Yes | No | Local hospitals | Hometown hospitals | |
Predisposing factors | ||||||
Age (year) | ||||||
60–64 | 2916 (43.4%) | 3800 (56.6%) * | 383 (81.7%) | 86 (18.3%) | 263 (77.1%) | 78 (22.9%) |
65–69 | 1458 (46.2%) | 1699 (53.8%) | 263 (81.7%) | 59 (18.3%) | 184 (78.6%) | 50 (21.4%) |
≥ 70 | 1560 (49.2%) | 1610 (50.8%) | 403 (81.9%) | 89 (18.1%) | 304 (83.3%) | 61 (16.7%) |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 3030 (44.3%) | 3808 (55.7%) * | 533 (81.5%) | 121 (18.5%) | 372 (79.5%) | 96 (20.5%) |
Female | 2904 (46.8%) | 3301 (53.2%) | 516 (82.0%) | 113 (18.0%) | 379 (80.3%) | 93 (19.7%) |
Marital status | ||||||
Single | 1200 (49.6%) | 1219 (50.4%)* | 243 (81.5%) | 55 (18.5%) | 180 (81.1%) | 42 (18.9%) |
Currently married | 4734 (44.6%) | 5890 (55.4%) | 806 (81.8%) | 179 (18.2%) | 571 (79.5%) | 147 (20.5%) |
Hukou status | ||||||
Rural residence | 3911 (44.7%) | 4834 (55.3%)* | 678 (81.2%) | 157 (18.8%) | 476 (78.2%) | 133 (21.8%) |
Urban residence | 2023 (47.1%) | 2275 (52.9%) | 371 (82.8%) | 77 (17.2%) | 275 (83.1%) | 56 (16.9%) |
Education | ||||||
Elementary/less | 3545 (45.5%) | 4254 (54.5%)* | 675 (82.1%) | 147 (17.9%) | 479 (78.5%) | 131 (21.5%) |
Middle school | 1468 (44.0%) | 1868 (56.0%) | 222 (80.1%) | 55 (19.9%) | 159 (82.8%) | 33 (17.2%) |
High school/above | 921 (48.3%) | 987 (51.7%) | 152 (82.6%) | 32 (17.4%) | 113 (81.9%) | 25 (18.1%) |
Enabling factors | ||||||
Monthly household income (RMB) | ||||||
≤ 3500 yuan | 1663 (39.7%) | 2524 (60.3%)* | 335 (80.9%) | 79 (19.1%)* | 250 (84.2%) | 47 (15.8%)* |
3501–7000 yuan | 2518 (45.8%) | 2979 (54.2%) | 463 (79.3%) | 121 (20.7%) | 330 (79.1%) | 87 (20.9%) |
> 7000 yuan | 1753 (52.2%) | 1606 (47.8%) | 251 (88.1%) | 34 (11.9%) | 171 (75.7%) | 55 (24.3%) |
Years of living in the city of residence | ||||||
≤ 4 years | 3146 (46.3%) | 3646 (53.7%)* | 513 (80.7%) | 123 (19.3%) | 346 (75.1%) | 115 (24.9%)* |
5–9 years | 1496 (46.0%) | 1755 (54.0%) | 257 (82.4%) | 55 (17.6%) | 182 (78.1%) | 51 (21.9%) |
≥ 10 years | 1292 (43.1%) | 1708 (56.9%) | 279 (83.3%) | 56 (16.7%) | 223 (90.7%) | 23 (9.3%) |
Migration range | ||||||
Across provinces | 2703 (48.4%) | 2884 (51.6%)* | 380 (81.2%) | 88 (18.8%) | 268 (76.4%) | 83 (23.6%)* |
Across cities within a province | 1835 (44.3%) | 2309 (55.7%) | 321 (81.5%) | 73 (18.5%) | 227 (79.6%) | 58 (20.4%) |
Across counties within a city | 1396 (42.2%) | 1914 (57.8%) | 348 (82.7%) | 73 (17.3%) | 256 (84.2%) | 48 (15.8%) |
Flow reasons | ||||||
Seeking jobs | 1184 (38.8%) | 1868 (61.2%)* | 129 (73.7%) | 46 (26.3%)* | 87 (86.1%) | 14 (13.9%)* |
Looking after children or grandchildren | 2114 (47.6%) | 2325 (52.4%) | 319 (85.8%) | 53 (14.2%) | 215 (73.1%) | 79 (26.9%) |
Retirement/keeping fit | 2022 (47.2%) | 2261 (52.8%) | 519 (82.3%) | 112 (17.7%) | 396 (83.0%) | 81 (17.0%) |
Others | 614 (48.4%) | 655 (51.6%) | 82 (78.1%) | 23 (21.9%) | 53 (77.9%) | 15 (22.1%) |
Friends number | ||||||
< 5 | 2390 (43.3%) | 3130 (56.7%)* | 493 (81.2%) | 114 (18.8%) | 335 (74.6%) | 114 (25.4%)* |
≥ 5 | 3544 (47.1%) | 3979 (52.9%) | 556 (82.2%) | 120 (17.8%) | 416 (84.7%) | 75 (15.3%) |
Health insurance | ||||||
NRCMS | 3003 (44.8%) | 3693 (55.2%) | 543 (81.4%) | 124 (18.6%) | 373 (76.0%) | 118 (24.0)* |
UEMI | 1095 (45.2%) | 1325 (54.8%) | 233 (85.0%) | 41 (15.0%) | 171 (81.4%) | 39 (18.6%) |
Others (URMI, CMIURR and free health service) | 946 (47.3%) | 1053 (52.7%) | 165 (83.3%) | 33 (16.7%) | 132 (88.6%) | 17 (11.4%) |
Location enrolled health insurance | ||||||
Hometown | 4339 (44.5%) | 5416 (55.5%)* | 811 (82.4%) | 173 (17.6%) | 566 (77.2%) | 167 (22.8%)* |
Local | 665 (52.5%) | 601 (47.5%) | 121 (84.0%) | 23 (16.0%) | 105 (94.6%) | 6 (5.4%) |
Need factors | ||||||
Chronic diseases | ||||||
Yes | 1403 (48.4%) | 1495 (51.6%)* | 553 (84.0%) | 105 (16.0%)* | 415 (84.3%) | 77 (15.7%)* |
No | 4531 (44.7%) | 5614 (55.3%) | 496 (79.4%) | 129 (20.6%) | 336 (75.0%) | 112 (25.0%) |
Self-rated health | ||||||
Poor | 645 (45.3%) | 779 (54.7%) | 404 (81.8%) | 90 (18.2%) | 295 (84.3%) | 55 (15.7%)* |
Neutral | 2545 (44.4%) | 3184 (55.6%) | 424 (84.0%) | 81 (16.0%) | 315 (80.8%) | 75 (19.2%) |
Good | 2744 (46.6%) | 3146 (53.4%) | 221 (77.8%) | 63 (22.2%) | 141 (70.5%) | 59 (29.5%) |